Putin, Bolsonaro and AMLO finally congratulate Biden on US election victory

Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Brazilian leader Jair Bolsonaro also congratulated Biden on Tuesday. As with Putin, both men had avoided acknowledging the US President-Elect's victory in November.

López Obrador has forged a close relationship with current US leader Donald Trump over the last few years. But in a letter to Biden dated December 14, the Mexican leader stressed the importance of "maintaining good bilateral relations based on collaboration, friendship and respect for the sovereignty of our respective countries."

Bolsonaro, a controversial far-right figure, took to Twitter on Tuesday to congratulate Biden. "Greetings to the President [Joe Biden], with my best wishes and the hope that the US will continue to be the "'the land of the free and the home of the brave,'" Bolsonaro tweeted on Tuesday.

The Brazilian president shares Donald Trump's populist brand of politics and has been referred to as "the Trump of the Tropics." His son, Congressman Eduardo Bolsonaro, publicly questioned Biden's vote tally after the November election.

But the elder Bolsonaro struck a note of compromise on Tuesday, writing on Twitter: "I will be ready to work with the new government and continue building a Brazil-US alliance, in defense of sovereignty, democracy and freedom around the world, as well as an economic-commercial integration for the benefit of our peoples."

Russia's outreach to the incoming administration came amid news that may further strain US-Russian relations, following a CNN-Bellingcat investigation that identified Russian specialists who trailed Putin's main political opponent, opposition leader Alexey Navalny. It also comes as US officials scramble to respond to a massive data breach attributed to Russian hackers.

It's also a marked contrast to 2016, when the Kremlin congratulated US President Donald Trump within hours of the race being called, but Biden's administration will have a very different attitude towards Russia.

Trump lavished praise on Putin during his presidency, stoking suspicion over his campaign's possible connection to Russian meddling in the election. The same cozy relationship cannot be expected with Biden, who has vowed to treat foreign interference "as an adversarial act."

"Biden will work hard with partners and allies to push back on whatever Russia is up to, whether it's trying to assassinate Russian citizens overseas, or kill their own opposition leaders like the alleged attempt with [Alexey] Navalny in Siberia, or activities in Syria, Crimea, etc.," Karin von Hippel, director-general of the Royal United Services Institute, told CNN in the wake of the election last month. "So I do think he [Putin] knows that there will be much more of an effort to try to contain Russia."

Russia has had a free hand for some years now -- including at the end of President Barack Obama's years in office -- according to von Hippel, a former nonpolitical senior adviser at the State Department under the Obama administration.

In late October, Biden called Russia "the main threat" to US national security in an interview with 60 Minutes on CBS. Kremlin spokesman Peskov responded by saying that such rhetoric amplified "hatred towards the Russian Federation."

In the run-up to the election, the two countries did not reach a deal to extend a key arms reduction treaty signed by Presidents Obama and Dmitry Medvedev in 2010 -- which the Trump administration was pushing for ahead of election day.

Putin previously indicated that he sees strategic treaties as one of the potential points for cooperation with Biden.